Retroperitoneal and abdominal bleeding in anticoagulated COVID-19 hospitalized patients: Case series and brief literature review

Figure 11  Computed tomography angiography and digital subtraction angiography of a giant right-sided chest wall hematoma in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. A-D: Hematoma arising from and infiltrating between the pectoral muscles, with “crazy paving” interstitial inflammatory changes in the right lung; C and D: Post-contrast axial images and coronal reconstructions with two pooling sites of extravasated contrast material within the hematoma (arrows); E-G: Computed tomography angiography maximum intensity projection images; H: Volume rendering three-dimensional reconstructions enable the visualization of a jet from the bleeding vessels (terminal branches of the superior and lateral thoracic artery (arrows). No bleeding from the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery is evident; I and J: Digital subtraction angiograms confirm the predefined sites of bleeding without need of embolization due to bleeding reduction by the compression of those small vessels by the giant hematoma (asterisk).