Type 2 diabetes mellitus characteristics affect hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis

Table 3 Factors correlated with hepatocarcinogenesis in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group

Variable	HR	95%CI	P value
Age > 65 yr	23.54	4.59-120.74	< 0.001
Male sex	3.64	1.01-13.20	0.049
Smoking	3.10	0.85-11.38	0.088
Alcohol abuse	0.38	0.11-1.31	0.125
Dyslipidemia	1.56	0.50-4.85	0.440
Ascites	0.50	0.07-3.60	0.489
Esophagogastric varices	0.54	0.05-6.34	0.623
AFP > 20 ng/mL	17.44	2.86-106.23	0.002
γ-GTP in U/L, per SD	2.31	1.55-14.01	0.762
HBsAg > 2.0 log IU/mL	11.93	2.82-50.41	0.001
HBV DNA > 20000 IU/mL	0.39	0.09-1.60	0.190
HBeAg positivity	0.96	0.29-3.11	0.941
Antiviral treatment	0.19	0.06-0.64	0.007
T2DM duration in yr
≤ 5	-	-	-
> 5	6.74	2.36-19.29	< 0.001
T2DM therapy
Yes/metformin ± sulfonylurea	-	-	-
Yes/insulin ± sulfonylurea	1.45	0.26-7.96	0.041
Yes/diet control only	10.70	2.91-39.31	< 0.001

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; CI: Confidence interval; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e-antigen; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HR: Hazard ratio; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; GTP: Glutamyltranspeptidase; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.