Portal vein aneurysm-etiology, multimodal imaging and current management

Table 2 Clinical features of the patients with portal vein aneurysm, regards the surgery/invasive treatment

Year	Ref.	Gender	Age	Etiology	Location	Morphology /size	Symptomatology	Complications	Comorbidity	Imaging	Treatment	Follow-up
2015	Fleming et al[33]	Female	70	None	Confluence, SMV	From 30 mm to 50 mm				CT	Aneurysmectomy	85 mo
		Female	47	None	Confluence, SMV	From 35 mm to 60 mm	Abdominal pain		HCV	US, CT	Aneurysmectomy	65 mo
		Female	29	None		40 mm	Abdominal pain	Thrombosis/CTPV		CT	Aneurysmectomy	144 mo
		Female	49	None	Confluence, SMV	40 mm	Abdominal pain				Aneurysmorrhaphy	17 mo
2015	Tsauo et al[14]	Female	65	Acquired	Right branch	Saccular, 32 mm	Abdominal pain		Budd Chiari Sy	CT	TIPS	12 mo
2016	Khan et al[16]	Female	40	Acquired	Bifurcation	34 mm			Splenic artery aneurysm	US, CT	Aneurysmectomy	Alive
2016	Ierardi et al[69]	Male	42	Car accident	Confluence	PSA, 23 mm	Abdominal pain		Liver trauma	CT	Expanding stent graft	13 d
2016	Shukla et al[39]	Male	55	None	Intrahepatic, right br	Saccular, 30 mm			Sigmoid hemicolectomy	CT	Percut embolisation	Alive
2017	Shrivastava et al[27]	Male	55	Acquired	Intrahepatic, right br	62 mm			Portal Hyp, pancreatitis	US, CT	Percut embolisation	12 mo
2017	Ding et al[45]	Male	48	Acquired	Bifurcation	70 mm			HBV, cirrhosis	CT	TIPS	72 mo
2017	Kim et al[34]	Female	34	Congenital	Main trunk	Fusiform, from 57 mm to 62 mm	Abdominal pain	Thrombosis	Celiac artery dissection	US, CT	Aneurysmectomy	6 mo
2017	Das et al[15]	Female	18	None	Confluence	Fusiform, 30 mm			Thalassemia major	US, CT	Splenectomy
2017	Ding et al[23]	Male	80	Acquired	Left branch	Fusiform	Abd. pain, jaundice	Biliopathy	Cirrhosis, portal Hyp.	US, CT, MRI	ERCP, biliary stent	3 mo
2018	Walton et al[70]	Male	42	Percut Biopsy	Main trunk	PSA, 13 mm	Haemobilia		Lymphomatosus of pancreas		Percut, covered stent
2018	Kimura et al[44]	Male	62	Acquired	Branch	40 mm			HCV, HCC, art portal fistula	MRI	Selective embolisation
2018	Sun et al[24]	Male	85	Congenital	Main trunk	32 mm	Abdominal pain	Cholangitis	Diabetes, ulcer disease	IDUS, CT	ERCP, biliary stent	42 mo
2018	Chandran et al[19]	Male	1	Congenital				Colonic obstruction			Ligation of PVA	3 mo
2018	Chadha et al[35]	Male	66	Acquired	SV aneurysm	39 mm			HCV, cirrhos		External Sundt carotid shunt	6 mo
2018	Güngör et al[21]	Female	1	Congenital	Intrahepatic, right br	Fusiform	Hematemesis, melena	Portal Hyp, thrombosis		US, CT	Sugiura oper
2018	Ktenidis et al[36]	Male	43	Acquired	SV aneurysm	98 mm			Splenectomy, AV shunt	CT	Open surgery	Alive
2019	Cleveland et al[71]	Male	68	Vehicle collision		PSA	Abdominal pain	Shock bowel		CT		Dead
2019	Juscafresa et al[40]	Female	77	Acquired	SV aneurysm	45 mm			Pancreatitis	CT	Percut, Viabahn stent	12 mo
2019	Bremer et al[42]	Male	65	Acquired	Intrahepatic, right br	64 mm	Abdominal pain		Cirrhosis, transplantation		TAE, stent graft exclusion	6 mo
2019	Oguslu et al[43]	Female	58	Acquired	Left branch	Saccular, 130 mm	Abdominal pain	Thrombosis	Art. portal fistula, portal Hyp	US, CT	Percut embolisation	9 mo
2020	Field et al[25]	Male	25	Congenital	Main trunk	55 mm	Abdominal pain	Biliopathy, thrombosis		CT, MRI	Thrombolysis, thrombectomy	12 mo
2021	Sura et al[38]	Male	80	Congenital	Main trunk	Saccular, 37 mm			Diaphragmatic hernia	CT	Open surgery	6 mo
2021	Marmor et al[41]	Male	67	Congenital	SV aneurysm	Saccular, 40 mm			Ca bladder	CT	Balloon expandable stent	12 mo
2021	Matsumoto et al[68]	Male	75	Acquired	Main trunk	42 mm	Abdominal pain		Ca pancreas	CT	Open surgery, omental graft	3 mo
2021	Gorolay et al[37]	Female	36	Congenital	Confluence	Saccular, from 45 mm to 65 mm	Abdominal pain	Thrombosis		US, CT	Hybrid operative repair	36 mo
2021	Dunlap et al[46]	Male	32	Acquired	Confluence	From 52 mm to 57 mm			Cirrhosis, portal Hyp		TIPS	6 mo
2022	Kohlbrenner et al[47]	Male	37	Congenital	Confluence	Fusiform, 51 mm	Abdominal pain	Thrombosis, ischemia		CT	Thrombolysis, TIPS	24 mo

Abd: Abdominal; art: Artery; br: Branch; Ca: Carcinoma; CT: Computed tomography; CTPV: Cavernous transformation of the portal vein; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; Hyp: Hypertensio; IDUS: Intraductal ultrasonography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; percut: percutaneous; PSA: Pseudoaneurysm; PVA: Portal vein aneurysm; SMV: Superior mesenteric vein; SV: Splenic vein; Sy: Syndrome; TAE: Transarterial embolisation; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; US: Ultrasound.