Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder among young and middle-aged cancer patients in the intensive care unit: A case-control study

Table 1 Univariate analysis of independent variables between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-positive and PTSD-negative patients

Patient information		PTSD-positive group	PTSD-negative group	χ2/Z	P value
Gender	Males	11	64	3.972a	0.046
	Females	21	54
Age (yr)		58 (53.25, 61)	59 (54, 62)	-1.306b	0.192
Marital status	Unmarried	1	31		0.213c
	Married	0	118
Place of residence	Rural	11	39	0.153a	0.927
	Suburban	4	18
	Urban	17	61
Education level	Elementary school and below	4	21	0.554a	0.799
	Middle or high school	17	61
	College and above	11	36
Monthly income	≤ 3000 yuan	0	9	7.537a	0.024
	3000-6000 yuan	14	71
	> 6000 yuan	18	38
History of trauma	Yes	6	29	0.478a	0.639
	None	26	89
Hypertension	Yes	10	44	0.398a	0.544
	None	22	74
Diabetes	Yes	7	20	0.414a	0.604
	None	25	98
Smoking		16	41	2.486a	0.15
	Yes
	None	16	77
Alcohol consumption	Yes	12	25	3.605a	0.067
	None	20	93
Fertility	With children	29	116		0.065c
	Without children	3	2
Use of sedatives	Yes	29	98		0.41c
	None	3	20
Use of analgesics	Yes	28	67	10.23a	0.002
	None	4	51
Physical restraint	Yes	23	42	13.495a	< 0.001
	None	9	76
Sputum suctioning	Yes	18	45	3.391a	0.073
	None	14	73
Use of glucocorticoids	Yes	3	29	3.466a	0.087
	None	29	89
APACHE II score		16.5 (13.25, 21)	9 (6.75, 14)	-5.38b	< 0.001
Family burden	Yes	25	67	4.836a	0.04
	None	7	51
Family breadwinner	Yes	6	13		0.243c
	No	26	105
Planned transfers	Yes	6	72	18.018a	< 0.001
	No	26	46
Tracheal intubation	Yes	24	64	4.475a	0.043
	No	8	54
Length of ICU stay		147 (115.375, 205.25)	67	-5.366b	< 0.001
			(42.875, 114.25)

^aChi-square test.

^bZ value.

^cFisher's exact test. APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ICU: Intensive care unit; PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder.