Probiotics and autoprobiotics for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 1 Probiotics plus eradication therapy: Assessment of probiotic action against H. pylori: Results for multi-strain probiotics (symbiotics)

Ref.	Patient characteristics	Type of eradication therapy	Type of probiotic	Results
Grgov et al[44], 2016	167 patients with dyspeptic symptoms and chronic gastritis who were diagnosed with H. pylori infection	7-d triple eradication therapy with lansoprazole continued within 4 wk	Probiotic cultures in the form of a capsule comprising Lactobacillus Rosell-52, Lactobacillus Rosell-11, Bifidobacterium Rosell-1755, and Saccharomyces boulardii	(1) Eradication rate in probiotic group-93.3%, in placebo group-81.8% (P < 0.05); and (2) The incidence of adverse effects in probiotic group –17.7%, in placebo group-28.6%
Viazis et al[45], 2022	329 patients in probiotic group and 335 patients in placebo group	10-d proton pump inhibitor containing non-bismuth quadruple therapeutic regimen	The probiotics used combined four probiotic strains, i.e., Lactobacillus Acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Saccharomyces boulardii.	(1) Eradication rate in probiotic group-92.0%, in placebo group-86.8% (P = 0.028); and (2) Probiotics significantly decrease side effects
Srinarong et al[46], 2014	100 patients (25 each receiving 7- and 14-d regimens with probiotic or placebo)	7-d and 14-d standard triple therapy plus bismuth	Probiotic bacteria composed of Bifidobacteriumlactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus paracasei	(1) Eradication rates of 7- or 14 d regimens with probiotics were 100%; and (2) The incidence of bitter taste was significantly lower in the probiotic group compared with placebo (40% vs 64%; P = 0.04)
Hauser et al[47], 2015	650 patients	Standard triple eradication therapy	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG®) and Bifidobacterium (BB-12®) at a concentration of 108 to 1010 living bacteria	(1) Eradication rate: Probiotics vs placebo-87.38% vs 72.55%; P < 0.001; and (2) Adding probiotics to the standard triple therapy distinctly decreases the adverse effects of therapy
McNicholl et al[48], 2018	209 H. pylori positive patients	33% triple therapy, 66% non-bismuth quadruple therapy	1 × 109 colony-forming units each strain, Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici	Probiotic supplementation containing Lactobacillus Plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici to H. pylori treatment neither decreased side effects nor improved compliance with therapy or eradication rates
Tongtawee et al[49], 2015	200 infected patients	Tailored triple therapy	Pretreatment with probiotics (Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Streptococcus thermophillus) containing yogurt	(1) Eradication rate in probiotic group-90.8%, in placebo group-84.3% (P = 0.04); and (2) Adding probiotics does not reduce adverse effects of the medication
Shavakhi et al[50], 2013	84 patients in the probiotic and 86 in the placebo group	Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy	Probiotic compound contained seven bacterial species including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium spp., and Streptococcus thermophiles	(1) Eradication rate in probiotic group-82.1%, in placebo group-81.1% (P = 0.392); and (2) Diarrhea was less frequent (2.2 vs 11.1%, P = 0.016), while abdominal pain was more frequent (10 vs 2.2%, P = 0.029) in the probiotic group
Wang et al[51], 2014	88 H. pylori-infected children: Treatment group (n = 43), control group (n = 45)	Standard triple therapy	Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum	The eradication rate in probiotic group - 83.7, in placebo group-64.4 % (P < 0.05)
Navarro-Rodriguez et al[52], 2013	107 patients: 55 patients with active probiotics and 52 with placebo	7-d furazolidone, tetracycline, and lansoprazole regimen	Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Streptococcus faecium twice a day for 30 d	(1) The eradication rate with probiotics was 89.8% and with placebo, 85.1% (P = 0.49); and (2) The rate of adverse effects at 7 d with probiotics was 59.3% and 71.2% with placebo (P = 0.20)
Tolone et al[53], 2012	68 histopathologically proven H. pylori-infected children	Standard triple therapy	Lactobacillus plantarum 5 × 109, L. reuterii 2 × 109, L. casei subsp. Rhamnosus 2 × 109, Bifidobacterium infantis and B. longum 2 × 109, L. salivarius 109, L. acidophilus 109, Streptococcus termophilus 5 × 109, and L. sporogenes 109	(1) The eradication rate with probiotics was 88.2% and without probiotics 76,4% (P = 0.1); and (2) The addition of a probiotic formula to triple therapy significantly decreased the frequency of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea