Impact of heart failure on outcomes in patients with sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Subgroup analysis of patient mortality

Analysis	N	Ref.	Random-effect model		Fixed-effect model		Heterogeneity
			OR (95%CI)	P	OR (95%CI)	P	I2	Ph
Patient mortality	10	[4,6,9,11,12,19-23]	1.81 (1.34, 2.43)	0	1.08 (1.04, 1.12)	0	0.921	0
Subgroup 1: Prospective	3	[4,19,20]	2.53 (0.97, 6.61)	0.057	1.35 (1.15, 1.59)	0	0.819	0
Retrospective	7	[6,9,11,12,21-23]	1.82 (1.24, 2.66)	0.002	1.07 (1.03, 1.11)	0	0.937	0
Subgroup 2: HF sample size ≥ 100	4	[4,11,12,23]	1.21 (0.90, 1.63)	0.216	1.07 (1.03, 1.11)	0	0.954	0
HF Sample size < 100	6	[6,9,19-22]	4.12 (2.02, 8.41)	0	3.37 (2.29, 4.95)	0	0.681	0.008
Subgroup 3: ICU	7	[6,9,12,19-21,23]	2.88 (1.67, 4.97)	0	1.65 (1.47, 1.86)	0	0.878	0
General hospital	3	[4,11,22]	1.14 (0.93, 1.41)	0.206	1.03 (1.04, 1.12)	0.1	0.726	0.026
Subgroup 4: Hospital or 28-day mortality	6	[6,9,11,19,20,22,23]	3.02 (1.67, 5.49)	0	1.85 (1.63, 2.10)	0	0.742	0.002
long term mortality	4	[4,12,21]	1.18 (0.91, 1.54)	0.207	1.03 (0.99, 1.07)	0.106	0.855	0
Subgroup 5: Average age ≥ 65	6	[4,6,11,12,22,23]	1.29 (0.98, 1.71)	0.075	1.07 (1.04, 1.11)	0	0.928	0
Average age < 65	4	[9,19,21]	6.22 (2.39, 16.18)	0	4.65 (2.86, 7.55)	0	0.703	0.018
Subgroup 6: United States	5	[4,6,11,12,22,23]	1.12 (0.93, 1.34)	0.246	1.03 (0.99, 1.07)	0.112	0.665	0.018
Other countries	5	[9,19-21,23]	4.45 (1.95, 10.12)	0	1.88 (1.66, 2.14)	0	0.836	0

N: Number of studies; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; Ph: P values of Q test for heterogeneity test; ICU: Intensive care unit.