Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: Diagnosis and management

Table 5 Differential diagnoses of superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Disorders mimicking SMA syndrome			Ref.
Similar symptoms by...
	Eating disorder
		Anorexia nervosa, anorexia bulimia	[125]
	CIPO		[126]
	Peptic ulcer disease		[127]
	Reflux esophagitis		[101]
	Functional dyspepsia		[26]
	Cyclic vomiting syndrome		[102]
	Pancreatitis		[103]
	Gastric outlet obstruction		[104]
Involvement of duodenum by... (other disorders)
	Tubercular infection		[105,106]
	Megaduodenum (localized CIPO)		[107]
	Henoch-Schönlein purpura		[108-110]
	Crohn's disease		[111,112]
	Celiac disease		[86]
	Ectopic pancreas		[113]
	Duodenal diverticula		[114]
	Duodenal edema		[115]
	Tumor
		Primary or metastatic duodenal cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, etc.	[14,116]
	Anatomical abnormality (web, diaphragm)		[117]
	Foreign body (bezoar, etc.)		[118]
Extrinsic compression by... (non-SMA)
	Aortic artery aneurysm (Aortoduodenal syndrome)		[56-58]
	Stent or filter
		Mesenteric artery, aorta, IVC, etc.	[119,120]
	Horseshoe kidney		[121]
	Lymph node		[122]
	Abscess		[123]
	Traumatic false aneurysm		[124]

SMA: Superior mesenteric artery; CIPO: Chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction; IVC: Inferior vena cava.