Evaluation of chronic idiopathic tinnitus and its psychosocial triggers

Table 2 Results of the diagnostic work-up questionnaires and psychiatric interviewing, n (%)

Characteristics	Patients, n = 230	Compensated, n = 53	Decompensated, n = 177	P value
Type of insomnia
Sub-threshold insomnia	43 (18.7)	10 (18.9)	33 (18.6)
Moderately severe clinical insomnia	129 (52.2)	25 (47.2)	104 (58.8)
Severe clinical insomnia	58 (23.2)	18 (34)	40 (22.6)
ISI score	20.6 ± 5.3	14.3 ± 2.4	28.6 ± 2.3	0.001
DASS-21
Depression
No, score: 0-9	45 (19.6)	14 (26.4)	31 (17.5)
Mild, score: 10-13	85 (37)	23 (43.4)	62 (35)
Moderate, score: 14-20	60 (26.1)	12 (22.6)	48 (27.1)
Severe, score: 21-27	28 (12.2)	4 (7.6)	24 (13.6)
Extremely severe, score: 28+	12 (5.2)	0	12 (6.8)
Score	15.88 ± 3.26	14.08 ± 2.46	22.68 ± 2.26	0.02
Anxiety
No, score: 0-7	12 (5.2)	12 (22.6)	0
Mild, score: 8-9	16 (7)	14 (26.4)	2 (1.1)
Moderate, score: 10-14	120 (52.2)	8 (15.1)	112 (63.3)
Severe, score: 15-19	58 (25.2)	19 (35.9)	39 (22)
Extremely severe, score: 20+	24 (10.4)	0	24 (13.6)
Score	28.65 ± 2.80	22.42 ± 2.33	30.55 ± 2.08	0.01
Stress
No, score: 0-14	10 (4.4)	2 (3.8)	8 (4.5)
Mild, score: 15-18	12 (5.2)	3 (5.7)	9 (5.1)
Moderate, score: 19-25	106 (46.1)	40 (75.5)	66 (37.3)
Severe, score: 26-33	60 (26.1)	8 (26.1)	52 (29.4)
Extremely severe, score: 34+	42 (18.3)	0	42 (23.7)
Score	38.32 ± 3.86	23.82 ± 2.40	42.88 ± 2.23	0.001
PSS
Perceived low stress	12 (5.2)	3 (5.7)	9 (5.1)
Perceived moderate stress	106 (46.1)	30 (56.6)	76 (42.9)
Perceived high stress	112 (48.7)	20 (37.7)	92 (51.98)
Comorbid physical and psychiatric conditions
Major depression	40 (17.4)	8 (26.1)	32 (18.1)
Non-specific anxiety disorder	82 (35.7)	18 (34)	64 (35)
Somatization disorder	45 (19.6)	3 (5.7)	42 (23.7)
Poor concentration	88 (38.3)	23 (43.4)	65 (36.7)
Non-specific headache	110 (47.9)	32 (60.4)	78 (44.1)
Gastrointestinal tract symptoms	95 (41.3)	20 (37.7)	75 (42.4)
Sexual dysfunction	73 (31.7)	26 (49.1)	47 (26.6)
Family history of psychiatric disorders	18 (7.8)	6 (11.3)	12 (6.8)

P value: Compensated vs decompensated tinnitus. DASS21: Depression, anxiety, stress scale 21; ISI: Insomnia severity index; PSS: Perceived stress scale.