Emerging role of dual biologic therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Table 2 Summary of infections reported in randomised controlled trial and case studies of patients on dual biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	Infections documented
Sands et al[14], 2007	Nasopharyngitis
Buer et al[20], 2018	Tonsillitis × 2
	Sinusitis × 1
Olbjørn et al[11], 2020	Skin infection
Mao et al[21], 2018	Clostridium difficile × 2
	Hand, foot and mouth disease
	Influenza
Yang et al[23], 2020	Pneumonia
	Clostridium difficile
	Actinetobacter bacteraemia
Privitera et al[24], 2020	Perianal abscess
Kwapisz et al[26], 2021	Salmonella
	Clostridium difficile
	4 × patients needing antibiotics
Goessens et al[27], 2021	Osteomyelitis
	Enterocutaneous fistula infection
	Perianal abscess
	Viral URTI
	Campylobacter
	Pneumonia
	Herpetic meningoencephalitis
	Oesophageal candidiasis
	Influenza

URTI: Upper respiratory tract infections.