Impact of adding opioids to paravertebral blocks in breast cancer surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Outcomes reported by included studies

Ref.	Outcome	Results
Mostafa et al[21]	Time to first analgesic request	Significantly longer in the opioid group
	Post-operative analgesic time	Significantly longer in the opioid group
	24 h total analgesic consumption	Significantly lower in the opioid group
	Pain scores up to 24 h	Significantly lower in the opioid group
	HR, SBP, DBP	No difference between the two groups
	Ramsay sedation scores	Patients in the control group were more agitated then opioid group in the first four hours after the operation. No difference between the two groups after four hours
Pushparajan et al[22]	Pain scores up to discharge	Significantly lower scores in the opioid group only at 24 h and not at other time periods
	24 h total analgesic consumption	No difference between the two groups
	PONV	No difference between the two groups
	Urinary retention, pruritis	No difference between the two groups
	Patient satisfaction	No difference between the two groups
Morsy et al[23]	24 h total analgesic consumption	No difference between the two groups
	Time to first analgesic request	No difference between the two groups
	Ramsay sedation scores	No difference between the two groups
	PONV	No difference between the two groups
	HR, SBP, DBP	No difference between the two groups
Bhuvaneshwari et al[24]	Time to first analgesic request	Significantly longer in the opioid group
	24 h total analgesic consumption	Significantly lower in the opioid group
	Cumulative pain scores at 24 h	Significantly lower in the opioid group
	PONV	No difference between the two groups
	Patient satisfaction	Significantly higher in the opioid group
Omar et al[25]	Time to first analgesic request	No difference between the two groups
	24 h total analgesic consumption	No difference between the two groups
	Pain scores up to 24 h	No difference between the two groups
	PONV	No difference between the two groups
Burlacu et al[26]	Total analgesic consumption	Significantly lower in the opioid group
	Pain scores up to 24 h	No difference between the two groups
	Nausea scores	Significantly higher in the opioid group
	SBP	No difference between the two groups
	Patient satisfaction	Significantly higher in the opioid group

PONV: Postoperative nausea and vomiting; HR: Heart rate; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure.