Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients with confirmed COVID-19: Ten case reports and review of literature

Table 3 Perioperative outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with acute cholecystitis

Perioperative outcomes
ERCP result
Preop Mirizzi syndrome 1	1
Preop Cholangitis + CBD stones	1
Postoperative Biliary leak	3
ERCP Biliary stent	3
Modality of cholecystectomy, n (%)
Laparoscopic	8
Lap converted to open	2
Type of cholecystectomy
Total	4
Sub-total	6
Parkland grading scale, n (%)
3	2
4	2
5	6
Estimated blood loss (mL), mean (range)	258 (30-500)
Operative time (min), mean (range)	133.5 (70-190)
Intraabdominal drainage, n (%)	8
ICU admission, n (%)
Yes, Preoperative	1
Yes, Postoperative	4
ICU treatment, n (%)
Invasive ventilation	5
Vasopressors	5
Hospital LOS (days), mean (range)	18. 2 (3-50)
Histopathology results, n (%)
Ischemic/segmental necrosis	3
Transmural necrosis	5
Perforated	3
Mucosal ulcerations	1
Acute peritonitis	10
GB empyema	4
Hemorrhagic	2

ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; CBD: Common bile duct; Lap: Laparoscopic; ICU: Intensive care unit; LOS: Length of stay; GB: Gallbladder.