Anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer surgery: Retrospective analysis of risk factors

Table 2 Clinical and demographic characteristics, n (%)

Patients, n	Leakage		P value
	Absent, n = 522	Present, n = 61
Mean age, yr	59.7 ± 17.2	68.2 ± 10.7	0.0002
Age, yr
< 65	223 (92.2)	19 (7.8)	0.09
≥ 65	299 (87.7)	42 (12.3)
Sex
M	263 (87.4)	38 (12.6)	0.08
F	259 (91.9)	23 (8.1)
Albumin, g/dL
< 3.5	117 (84.8)	21 (15.2)	0.006
≥ 3.5	466 (92.1)	40 (7.9)
CEA, ng/mL
< 5	247 (89.5)	29 (10.5)	0.4
≥ 5	336 (91.3)	32 (8.7)
Hemoglobin, g/dL
< 10	291 (88.2)	39 (11.8)	0.02
≥ 10	292 (93.0)	22 (7.0)
Prognostic nutritional index points
< 40	130 (81.8)	29 (18.2)	0.0001
≥ 40	453 (93.4)	32 (6.6)
Concomitant diseases
Yes	259 (87.6)	37 (12.4)	0.1
No	263 (91.7)	24 (8.3)
Weight loss
Yes	81 (82.7)	17 (17.3)	0.01
No	441 (90.9)	44 (9.1)
Smoking habits
Yes	201 (88.6)	26 (11.4)	0.5
No	321 (90.2)	35 (9.8)
Alcohol habits
Yes	71 (94.7)	4 (5.3)	0.1
No	451(88.8)	57 (11.2)
Bowel preparation
Complete/adequate	336 (93.1)	25 (6.9)	0.0007
Poor	186 (83.8)	36 (16.2)
Blood transfusions
No	299 (93.2)	22 (6.8)	0.002
≥ 1 unit	223 (85.2)	39 (14.8)
Mean tumor distance from anal verge in mm	89.0 ± 21.0	71.0 ± 32.0	0.0001
Neoadjuvant treatment
Yes	349 (88.8)	44 (11.2)	0.4
No	173 (91.1)	17 (8.9)
Mean hospital stays in d	7.0 ± 2.1	29.2 ± 13.4	0.0001

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; F: Female; M: Male.