Prevalence of polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity and its predictors in critically ill adult patients: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Meta-regression analysis for polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity incidence

Variable	Coefficient	Standard error	Lower 95%CI	Upper 95%CI	P value	R2, %
Univariable analysis
Continent	0.0148	0.0222	-0.0294	0.0590	0.508	-0.64
Polymyxins	-0.0865	0.0597	-0.2052	0.0322	0.151	1.41
Loading dose	-0.0814	0.0412	-0.1634	0.0005	0.051	3.62
Maintenance dosea	-0.0845	0.0928	-0.2703	0.1004	0.363	-0.41
Dosing interval	-0.1704	0.0476	-0.2659	-0.0749	0.0011	20.58
Nephrotoxicity criteria	-0.0577	0.0141	-0.0858	-0.0295	0.0001	18.55
Ageb	-0.1427	0.0470	-0.2362	-0.0492	0.0031	11.08
Gender	0.0627	0.0768	-0.0907	0.2162	0.417	-0.20
APACH II score	0.0812	0.0505	-0.0204	0.1827	0.115	3.52
Publication yr	0.1377	0.0261	0.0857	0.1896	0.0001	26.95
Study design	0.0096	0.0351	-0.0601	0.0794	0.785	-1.15
Study qualityc	0.0966	0.0313	0.0343	0.1590	0.0031	10.66
Sample size	0.0873	0.0220	0.0435	0.1311	0.0001	17.08
Multivariable analysis
Nephrotoxicity criteria	-0.0344	0.0141	-0.0625	-0.0064	0.017	40.00
Publication yr	0.0940	0.0278	0.0386	0.1495	0.001
Sample size	0.0357	0.0203	-0.047	0.0760	0.082
Study qualityc	0.0387	0.0267	-0.0144	0.0919	0.151

¹Significant at P value < 0.05.

^aMaintenance dose varied among studies, higher dose as identified as > 9 MIU/d or > 2.5-5.0 mg CBA/kg/d for colistin, or > 2.5-3 mg/kg/d for polymyxin B in this study.

^bAge was mean or median age of patients included.

^cQuality assessment was applied using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment for cohort studies and case-control studies. Articles that scored less than 4 were classified as low methodological quality, articles with score between 5 and 7 were classified as fair quality, and those with score more than 8 were classified as high quality.