Successful treatment of disseminated nocardiosis diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report and review of literature

Table 3 Cases of pulmonary nocardiosis reported in recent 10 yr

Ref.	Predisposing or underlying condition	Affected organ (s)	Positive specimen (s)	Anti-biotic therapy	Outcome
Komiya et al[20], 2013	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis	Lung	sputum	Meropenem, TMP-SMZ	Improved
Yasar et al[21], 2014	No	Lung	Lung tissue	TMP-SMZ	Improved
Cooper et al[22], 2014	Smoking and alcohol consumption	Lung +Brain	Tissue of lung and brain	Vancomycin, Ceftriaxone, Amphotericin B, TMP-SMZ	Dead
Yagi et al[23], 2014	Mycobacterium avium	Lung	Sputum	TMP-SMZ	Improved
Ibrahim et al[24], 2016	Hematopoietic stem cell transplant	Lung +Brain	Lung tissue	TMP-SMZ	Improved
Mendonca et al[25], 2016	Multiple Myeloma	Lung	BALF	TMP-SMZ, Meropenem, Tigecycline	Improved
Jayaschandran et al[26], 2016	Idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocytopenia	Lung	BALF	Meropenemz, TMP-SMZ	Improved
Khadka et al[27], 2017	Renal transplant, Pulmonary tuber-culosis	Lung+Brain+ Celiac lymph nodes	BALF	TMP-SMZ	Improved
Kobayashi et al[28], 2018	Olfactory neuroblastoma, Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone	Lung	BALF	TMP-SMZ	Improved
Khaliq et al[29], 2019	Cladophialophora bantiana Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis	Lung	Lung tissue	TMP-SMZ, Meropenem, Voriconazole, Liposomal amphotericin	Died
Miyaoka et al[30], 2019	Smoking	Lung	BALF	Meropenem, TMP-SMZ	Improved
Kato et al[31], 2019	Radiation pneumonitis treated with prednisolone [PSL (50 mg/d)]	Lung	The PCR of 16S rRNA gene of the BALF	TMP-SMZ, Doripenem	Improved
Deterding et al[32], 2020	heart transplant recipient requiring dialysis	lung	BALF	Amikacin, Imipenem	Improved
Campoli et al[33], 2020	Liver transplant, Cutaneous infection by Alternaria alternata	Lung	BALF	TMP-SMZ, Linezolid, Ceftriaxone	Improved
Meena et al[34], 2020	Pulmonary tuberculosis and COPD	Lung	BALF	TMP-SMZ	Improved
Wu et al[35], 2021	Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis	Lung	Lung tissue	TMP-SMZ	Improved
Atemnkeng et al[36], 2021	COVID-19 Pneumonia	Lung +Brain	BALF	Meropenem, TMP-SMZ, Linezolid	Improved

TMP-SMZ: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; BALF: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.