Potential protection of indocyanine green on parathyroid gland function during near-infrared laparoscopic-assisted thyroidectomy: A case report and literature review

Figure 1 The procedure for near-infrared endoscopy-assisted right thyroid lobectomy with isthmectomy and prophylactic central lymph node dissection. A: Creating the operative space; B: Exposing the thyroid lobe (modified detachable retractor, orange arrow) in near-infrared (NIR) mode; C: Investigating the parathyroid gland (PG) in NIR mode (PG, orange arrow); D: Exposing the right recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in NIR mode (RLN, orange arrow); E: Performing central lymph node dissection under the guidance of fluorescence imaging in NIR mode (PG, orange arrow); F: Excising the lymphatic tissue and soft tissue surrounding the RLN in NIR mode (RLN, orange arrow); G: The final operative field in NIR mode; H: The final operative field in white light mode. PT: Papillary thyroid; RLN: Recurrent laryngeal nerve; CCA: Common carotid artery.