Clinicopathological spectrum of snake bite-induced acute kidney injury from India

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients (n = 121)

Gender
Male, n (%)	51 (42.1)
Female, n (%)	70 (57.9)
Age (yr)
Mean ± SD	42.2 ± 15.1
Range	14-84
Month of the bite
March, n (%)	1 (0.8)
April, n (%)	8 (6.6)
May, n (%)	10 (8.3)
June, n (%)	20 (16.5)
July, n (%)	16 (13.2)
August, n (%)	22 (18.2))
September, n (%)	29 (24)
October, n (%)	10 (8.3)
November, n (%)	5 (4.1)
Duration at arrival (d)
Mean ± SD	3.4 ± 3.7a
Median	3
Range	1-30
Duration of hospital stay (d)
Mean ± SD	12.4 ± 7.7a
Median	10
Range	1-40
Bite site
Lower limb, n (%)	75 (85.2)
Upper limb, n (%)	13 (14.8)
Oliguria, n (%)	70 (79.5)a
Hematuria, n (%)	48 (54.5)a
Limb swelling/cellulitis, n (%)	12 (13.6)a
Neurotoxicity, n (%)	5 (5.7)a
Coagulation defect, n (%)	78 (88.6)a
ASV given, n (%)	85 (96.6)a
Blood transfusion, n (%)	15 (17)a
ICU support, n (%)	10 (11.4)a
Dialysis therapy, n (%)	99 (81.8)
Hemodialysis
Mean ± SD	3.5 ± 3.7
Median	3
Range	1-20
Outcome
Survived, n (%)	110 (90.9)
Died, n (%)	11 (9.1)

^aClinical details avaiable in 88 patients. ASV: Anti-snake venom; ICU: Intensive care unit.