Any link of gout disease control among hypertensive patients and onset of end-stage renal disease? Results from a population-based study

Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of adherent and non-adherent patients to allopurinol treatment in a cohort of newly treated antihypertensive patients from 1999 to 2007

Variables	Adherent to allopurinol	Non-adherent to allopurinol	P-value
All patients (n)	1392	1360
Mean (SD) age (yr)1	67 (9)	67 (9)	0.4457
Risk factors for gout, % (n)
Advanced age (> 75 yr)1	22.2 (309)	23.9 (325)	0.2900
Male1	84.2 (1172)	81.3 (1106)	0.0367
Obesity2	6.4 (89)	6.6 (90)	0.8117
Drug use
Thiazides3	20.0 (278)	22.3 (303)	0.1380
Low dose acetylsalicylic acid3	35.8 (499)	32.8 (446)	0.0917
Niacin3	0.4 (5)	0.4 (6)	0.7333
Alcoholic diagnosis2	1.2 (16)	1.4 (19)	0.5622
Thyroid problems2	13.1 (182)	12.8 (174)	0.8264
Associated comorbidities, % (n)
Ischemic heart disease2	31.3 (435)	30.4 (414)	0.6460
Chronic heart failure2	10.7 (149)	10.2 (139)	0.6787
Cardiac dysrhythmias2	11.5 (160)	13.5 (183)	0.1193
Atrial fibrillation and flutter2	7.5 (104)	8.8 (120)	0.1946
Peripheral vascular disease2	12.1 (168)	11.3 (153)	0.5034
Cerebrovascular disease2	12.3 (172)	11.6 (158)	0.5509
Dyslipidemia2	35.0 (487)	31.9 (434)	0.0875
Diabetes2	21.1 (294)	20.2 (275)	0.5599
Chronic kidney disease at grade 1 to 34	12.7 (177)	12.7 (173)	0.9968
Acute renal failure2	4.3 (60)	4.2 (57)	0.8769
Pulmonary disease (COPD/asthma)2	31.4 (437)	30.1 (410)	0.4787
Dementia2	2.9 (40)	2.4 (33)	0.4656
Rheumatic disease2	5.0 (69)	7.7 (105)	0.0029
Gastrointestinal disease2	7.5 (105)	8.3 (113)	0.4571
Drug use for gout treatment3, % (n)
NSAIDs3	37.8 (526)	47.9 (652)	< 0.0001
Colchicine3	26.9 (374)	31.8 (432)	0.0048
Intra-articular corticosteroids3	6.4 (89)	5.4 (74)	0.2899
Oral corticosteroids3	1.9 (27)	2.8 (38)	0.1400
Narcotics3	12.9 (179)	12.8 (174)	0.9593

¹At treatment initiation;

²ICD-9 or ICD-10 identified in the 5 years preceding cohort entry;

³Pharmacologic treatment identified in the 2 years preceding cohort entry;

⁴Chronic kidney disease at grade 1 to 3 defined as having ICD-9 or ICD-10 with the absence of medication for phosphate binding or for hyperparathyroidism control. COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.