Update on immunoglobulin A nephropathy, Part I: Pathophysiology

Table 1 Common genetic determinants for immunoglobulin A nephropathy

Genetic locus	Genes	Function
6q21	HLA-DRB1, HLADQA1 and HLA-DQB1	Class II major histocompatibility complex
	PSMB8/9 and TAP/2	Regulators for antigen processing and presentation
1q32	CFHR1/3	Modulators for complement activation and inflammation
22q12	HORMAD2	Unknown
17q13	TNFSF13	Important for B cell development and IgA isotype switching
8p23	DEFA1	Encoding a-defensins as a type of endogenous antimicrobial mediators
1p13	VAV3	Regulators for lymphocyte development and antigen presentation
9q34	CARD9	Participant in antigen-induced signalosome formation (CARD9-BCL 10-MALT1) and NF-κB activation
16p11	ITGAM and ITGAX	Mediators for immune cell adhesion and phagocytosis

IgA: Immunoglobulin A.