Review
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Nephrol. Nov 6, 2014; 3(4): 210-219
Published online Nov 6, 2014. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v3.i4.210
Table 3 Potential mechanisms of chronic kidney disease in metabolic syndrome
MechanismRef.
Oxidative stress[34,40]
Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (leptin, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α)[36]
Increased connective tissue growth and/or fibrosis factors (connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor β, type IV collagen)[35,37-39]
Increased glomerular volume and podocyte hypertrophy[44]
Triglyceride- and free-fatty acid induced injury45
Increased ischemia and microvascular injury (angiotensin II)[46,47]
Hyperuricemia[48,49]