Silent diabetic nephropathy

Table 4 Clinical differences at the time of biopsy between silent and non-silent diabetic nephropathy n (%)

	Non-silent DN (n = 20)	Silent DN (n = 25)	P value
Age (yr)	55.8 ± 12.2	60.3 ± 14.1
Sex (women)	5 (25)	8 (32)
BMI (kg/m2)	30.9 ± 6.3	28 ± 4.1
T2 DM	17 (85)	21 (84)
Duration of diabetes (year)	12.5 ± 5.3	7 ± 8.9	0.005
Follow-up period (year)	3.4 ± 3.5	3.5 ± 2.7
Smoking, active or past	16 (80)	18 (72)
Retinopathy	8 (40)	10 (40)
CVD	6 (30)	10 (40)
HbA1c (%)	7 ± 1.2	6.2 ± 1.5	0.03
Serum creatine at biopsy (mg/dL)	1.8 ± 1	2.7 ± 1.6	0.03
eGFR at biopsy (mL/min per 1.73 m2)	47 ± 22.5	32.9 ± 20.8	0.04
Proteinuria (g/d)	3.5 ± 2.6	5 ± 4.3
Hematuria	8 (44.4)	10 (40)
RPKI	3 (15)	12 (48)	0.03
CKD progression	3 (15)	10 (50)	0.04
Renal events	8 (40)	20 (80)	0.01
Histopathological class AP III-IV	9 (45)	18 (72)
Glomerular sclerosis percentage	18.8 ± 14.3	27.2 ± 26.4
IFTA 0-1	12 (60)	12 (48)
IFTA 2	7 (35)	8 (32)
IFTA 3	1 (5)	5 (20)
Severe arteriolar hyalinosis	15 (75)	22 (88)
Large vessel arteriosclerosis	18 (94.7)	22 (88)
RAASI treatment	18 (90)	22 (88)
Statins treatment	15 (75)	18 (72)

IFTA: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; RPKI: Rapidly progressive kidney injury; RRT: Renal replacement therapy; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI: Body mass index; RAASI: Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor; DN: Diabetic nephropathy; DM: Diabetes mellitus.