Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations

Table 2 Development of Shiga-toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome

Pathogenetic steps	Clinical
Ingestion of Escherichia Coli through contaminated food or patient to patient transmission or transmission from animal to man	Colonization of the gut
Diarrhoea	Local tissue damage
Bloody diarrhoea	Systemic toxinemia
Generation of host cytokines and chemokines	Endothelia cell damage, activation of local thrombosis in kidneys and in other organs
Renal involvement→ HUS	Damage to glomerular endothelial cells, arteriolar damage, mesangial cell activation/damage, podocyte injury, tubular damage
Renal Insufficiency	Acute renal failure
	Chronic renal failure
	Arterial hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria

HUS: Hemolytic uremic syndrome.