Role of fibroblast growth factor-23 in renal disease activity and bone density involvement in patients with lupus nephritis

Table 5 Characteristics of the studied patients based on bone mineral density status, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Normal BMD (n = 47)	Low BMD (n = 53)	P value
Age (years)	28.72 ± 6.58	30.60 ± 7.40	0.18
Sex			0.47
Male	13 (27.7)	16 (30.2)
Female	34 (72.3)	37 (69.8)
Body mass index (kg/m2)	25.91 ± 6.11	21.09 ± 6.89	< 0.001
Duration of disease (years)	5.67 ± 2.67	10.46 ± 3.11	< 0.001
Frothy urine	5 (10.6)	20 (37.7)	0.002
Oliguria/anuria	4 (8.5)	10 (18.9)	0.11
Lower limb edema	6 (12.8)	20 (37.7)	0.002
New-onset hypertension	2 (4.3)	7 (13.2)	0.11
Pulmonary congestion	1 (2.1)	5 (9.4)	0.13
Raised renal chemistry	1 (2.1)	4 (7.5)	0.22
Anasarca	1 (2.1)	1 (1.9)	0.72
Volume overload	1 (2.1)	0 (0.0)	0.47
Renal biopsy lupus nephritis classes			< 0.001
Class-I	16 (34)	3 (5.7)
Class-II	23 (48.9)	14 (26.4)
Class-III	0	2 (3.8)
Class-IV	3 (6.4)	21 (39.6)
Class-V	5 (10.6)	13 (24.5)

BMD: Bone mineral density.