Can preoperative parameters and histopathology of the vessels affect arteriovenous fistula outcomes? A prospective observational study

Figure 4 Patency and functional maturation of arteriovenous fistulas at 1, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Line/bar graph depicting the proportion of patients with patent and mature arteriovenous fistulas at each follow-up interval. Patency was defined by the presence of a palpable thrill and audible bruit, while maturation was defined according to the rule of sixes criteria. Trends illustrate progressive maturation over time with a gradual decline in nonfunctional fistulas.