Critical care considerations in rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury and kidney replacement therapy

Table 4 Indications of kidney replacement therapy in rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury[78,107,108]

	Indications for kidney replacement therapy
Absolute indications	Refractory hyperkalemia (K+ > 6.5 mmol/L, rapidly increasing or associated with cardiac arrhythmias)
	Refractory pulmonary edema (diuretic resistant)
	Refractory metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.2)
	Blood urea nitrogen concentration of > 40.0 mmol/L
	Uremia with signs and symptoms (e.g., pericarditis, encephalopathy, bleeding)
	Refractory fluid overload with organ dysfunction
	Concomitant drug/toxin intoxication that is dialysable
Relative indications	Severe non-renal organ dysfunction from AKI/fluid overload
	Progressive/persistent AKI (serum creatinine > 3 times baseline and/or profound oliguria)
	Worsening trajectory of critical illness

AKI: Acute kidney injury.