Predictors of one-year mortality in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease at a Kenyan county hospital

Table 2 Predictors of one-year mortality: Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis

Predictor	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	aHR (95%CI)	P value
Age (per year increase)	1.07 (1.03-1.11)	< 0.001	1.05 (1.01-1.09)	0.012
Male sex (vs female)	0.88 (0.41-1.89)	0.748
Hemoglobin (per g/dL increase)	0.74 (0.59-0.93)	0.009	0.84 (0.66-1.07)	0.156
eGFR (per mL/minute/1.73 m2 increase)	0.87 (0.78-0.97)	0.015	0.92 (0.82-1.03)	0.162
CVC use (vs AVF)	4.45 (1.25-15.82)	0.021	3.12 (1.08-9.01)	0.036
HIV positive	1.48 (0.65-3.35)	0.350
Diabetes mellitus	1.22 (0.59-2.52)	0.594

The multivariate model was fitted using Firth’s penalized likelihood method to address perfect separation (0 deaths in the arteriovenous fistula group) and includes variables significant at P < 0.10 in univariate analysis (age, Hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, central venous catheter use). aHR: Adjusted hazard ratio; AVF: Arteriovenous fistula; CVC: Central venous catheter; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HR: Hazard ratio.