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Case Report
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Nephrol. Jun 25, 2026; 15(2): 118080
Published online Jun 25, 2026. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.118080
Figure 7
Figure 7 Graphical illustration of video-assisted right minithoracotomy for right atrial hemodialysis catheter placement. The thoracoscopic port is introduced through the second intercostal space and the anterior right minithoracotomy is performed in the third intercostal space to allow catheter insertion into the right atrium. VATS: Video-assisted thoracic surgery; ICS: Intercostal space.


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