Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in young patients in developing countries

Figure 5 Forest plot of chronic kidney disease (≤ 25 years). A: Forest plot of chronic kidney disease prevalence in young people (≤ 25 years) stratified by world region for all 19 included studies. Pooled proportions are shown for each region (Africa, Latin America, Other, and Asia) under common-effect and random-effects models, together with overall pooled estimates and heterogeneity and subgroup-difference statistics; B: Forest plot of chronic kidney disease prevalence in young people stratified by world region after exclusion of studies with prevalence > 0.20. Regional and overall pooled estimates (common-effect and random-effects) are presented, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals and heterogeneity measures, demonstrating persistent but attenuated between-region variability. CI: Confidence interval.