Alpha-1-microglobulin as an early biomarker in renal extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection

doi:10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.116866

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World Journal of Nephrology

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2220-6124

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Nephrol. Jun 25, 2026; 15(2): 116866
Published online Jun 25, 2026. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.116866

Table 4 Characteristics of hepatitis c virus-positive patients groups based on presence or absence of a renal biopsy, mean ± SD (range)/n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variables	Patients with renal biopsy (n = 5)	Patients without renal biopsy (n = 74)
Age	38.80 ± 14.85 (26-59)	50.80 ± 16.987 (20-80)
Sex
Male	2 (40.0)	23 (31.1)
Female	3 (60.0)	51 (68.9)
Kidney functions
Blood urea nitrogen	7.60 ± 2.51 (4.0-10.0)	4.3 ± 1.7 (2-10)
Serum creatinine	125.80 ± 42.72 (67-181)	75.8 ± 26.9 (43-146)
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute/1.73 m²)	58.20 ± 26.65 (32-100)	106.32 ± 27.017 (44-175)
< 60 (impaired)	3 (60.0)	4 (5.4)
≥ 60	2 (40.0)	70 (94.6)
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio	2300.00 (1500.0-3500.0)	553.23 (13.40-1131.8)
Macroalbuminuria	5 (100.0)	34 (45.9)
Hematuria	5 (100.0)	39 (52.7)
C3/C4
Normal	2 (40.0)	68 (91.9)
Abnormal	3 (60.0)	6 (8.1)
PCR for HCV
Detectable	0 (0)	41 (55.4)
Below detection limit	5 (100.0)	33 (44.6)
Uα1M	6.12 ± 2.36 (4.33-9.187)	3.976 ± 1.383 (2.116-9.022)

C3: Complement 3; C4: Complement 4; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; Uα1M: Urinary alpha-one microglobulin.

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Citation: Alkareemy EAR, Azoz NM, Abdelnaiem GS, Gadelkareem RA, Saleh KA, Abdel Aziz EM. Alpha-1-microglobulin as an early biomarker in renal extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(2): 116866
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v15/i2/116866.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.116866

Alkareemy EAR, Azoz NM, Abdelnaiem GS, Gadelkareem RA, Saleh KA, Abdel Aziz EM. Alpha-1-microglobulin as an early biomarker in renal extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(2): 116866 [PMID: 42395679 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i2.116866]

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