Long-term outcomes following arteriovenous fistula ligation in kidney transplant recipients

Table 1 Patient demographics, n (%)

	AVF ligation, n = 176	No AVF ligation, n = 352	P value	All AVF, n = 528	CVC, n = 352	P value
Sex
Female	52 (29.5)	76 (21.6)	0.045	128 (24.2)	125 (35.5)	< 0.001
Male	124 (70.5)	276 (78.4)		400 (75.8)	227 (64.5)
Age at Tx
Years (median)	50 (40-59)	54 (45-63)	0.002	53 (43-62)	52 (42-62)	0.38
Ethnicity
Black	25 (14.2)	68 (19.3)	0.2	93 (17.6)	73 (20.7)	0.013
Caucasian	60 (34.1)	94 (26.7)		154 (29.2)	114 (32.4)
Indoasian	64 (36.5)	125 (35.5)		189 (35.8)	131 (37.2)
Other	27 (15.3)	65 (18.5)		92 (17.4)	34 (9.7)
Cause of ESKD
APKD	20 (11.4)	38 (10.8)	< 0.001	58 (11.0)	28 (8.0)	0.09
Diabetes	27 (15.3)	106 (30.1)		133 (25.2)	86 (24.4)
GN	62 (35.2)	82 (23.3)		144 (27.3)	78 (22.2)
Other	9 (5.1)	35 (9.9)		44 (8.3)	34 (9.7)
Unknown	54 (30.7)	74 (21.0)		128 (24.2)	103 (29.3)
Urological	4 (2.3)	17 (4.8)		21 (4.0)	23 (6.5)
Time at ESKD
Years (median)	3.5 (1.8-5.8)	2.7 (1.5-4.6)	0.023	2.9 (1.6-5.0)	2.9 (1.3-5.7)	0.95
Transplant type
LD	24 (13.6)	41 (11.6)	0.09	65 (12.3)	99 (28.1)	< 0.001
DD	136 (77.3)	297 (84.4)		433 (82.0)	220 (62.5)
SPK	8 (4.5)	7 (2.0)		15 (2.8)	21 (6.0)
Antibody incompatible	8 (4.5)	7 (2.0)		15 (2.8)	12 (3.4)
Diabetes
Yes	34 (19.3)	135 (38.5)	< 0.001	169 (32.1)	121 (34.4)	0.48
No	142 (80.7)	216 (61.5)		358 (67.9)	232 (65.6)
Graft number
1st	155 (88.1)	318 (90.3)	0.42	473 (89.6)	300 (85.2)	0.05
≥ 2nd	21 (11.9)	34 (9.7)		55 (10.4)	52 (14.8)
Induction
Alemtuzumab	150 (85.2)	314 (89.2)	0.19	465 (88.1)	298 (84.7)	0.14
IL2	26 (14.8)	38 (10.8)		63 (11.9)	54 (15.3)
DGF
No	139 (79.0)	245 (69.6)	0.02	384 (72.7)	260 (73.9)	0.71
Yes	37 (21.0)	107 (30.4)		144 (27.3)	92 (26.1)
HLA sensitization status
Non-sensitized	119 (67.6)	235 (66.8)	0.92	354 (67.0)	229 (65.1)	0.33
Sensitized	48 (27.3)	101 (28.7)		149 (28.2)	98 (27.8)
Preformed	9 (5.1)	16 (4.5)		25 (4.7)	25 (7.1)
Total HLA mismatch
Median ABDR	3 (3-4)	3 (3-4)	0.29	3 (3-4)	3 (3-4)	0.73
Duration of follow-up
Months (median)	128 (83-177)	82 (54-121)	< 0.001	96 (58-145)	123 (72-173)	< 0.001

Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range). Antibody-incompatible transplants refer to kidney transplants (living- or deceased-donor) performed across an ABO- or human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-incompatible barrier using desensitization protocols. Total HLA mismatch is reported out of 6 (HLA-A, -B, and -DR loci). ABDR: Total mismatch HLA-A, -B, and -DR loci; APKD: Adult polycystic kidney disease; AVF: Arteriovenous fistulae; CVC: Central venous catheter; DD: Deceased donor; DGF: Delayed graft function; ESKD: End-stage kidney disease; GN: Glomerulonephritis; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; LD: Living donor; SPK: Simultaneous kidney-pancreas; Tx: Transplant.