Hyponatremia: Evolving diagnostics and emerging therapeutics in clinical practice

doi:10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.115252

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World Journal of Nephrology

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2220-6124

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Nephrol. Mar 25, 2026; 15(1): 115252
Published online Mar 25, 2026. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.115252

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Figure 1 Mechanisms of sodium and water homeostasis. Schematic representation of the physiological regulation of sodium and water balance under conditions of water loss, sodium loss, or water excess. Osmoreceptor activation in the hypothalamus and subsequent vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) release from the posterior pituitary increase renal water reabsorption via V2 receptors and aquaporin-2 channel insertion, restoring extracellular fluid osmolality and osmotic equilibrium. SIADH: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; ECF: Extracellular fluid; ADH: Antidiuretic hormone.

Citation: Martínez-Sánchez FD, Gutierrez-Rosas LE, Barranco-Hernandez LH, Gonzalez-Alvarez G, Bastida-Castro LA, Rocha-Haro A, Barrientos-Cabrera G, Martínez-Cabrera CF, Balderas-Juarez J, Salinas-Ramirez MA, Hernandez-Castillo JL. Hyponatremia: Evolving diagnostics and emerging therapeutics in clinical practice. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 115252
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v15/i1/115252.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.115252

Martínez-Sánchez FD, Gutierrez-Rosas LE, Barranco-Hernandez LH, Gonzalez-Alvarez G, Bastida-Castro LA, Rocha-Haro A, Barrientos-Cabrera G, Martínez-Cabrera CF, Balderas-Juarez J, Salinas-Ramirez MA, Hernandez-Castillo JL. Hyponatremia: Evolving diagnostics and emerging therapeutics in clinical practice. World J Nephrol 2026; 15(1): 115252 [PMID: 41907365 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v15.i1.115252]

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