Dual-score framework: National Early Warning Score 2 and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in acute pyelonephritis

Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for predictors of intensive care unit admission and mortality in acute pyelonephritis (tertiary care institute in South India, 2023-2025)

Parameter	Adjusted OR for ICU admission (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR for mortality (95%CI)	P value
Age ≥ 60 years	1.24 (0.78-1.96)	0.35	1.49 (0.72-3.11)	0.28
Female sex	1.13 (0.68-1.87)	0.62	0.98 (0.42-2.31)	0.97
Diabetes mellitus	2.75 (1.40-5.38)	0.003	1.96 (0.84-4.54)	0.12
AKI at admission	3.21 (1.62-6.38)	0.001	2.18 (0.91-5.21)	0.08
Shock (SBP < 90 mmHg)	4.68 (2.12-10.33)	< 0.001	5.96 (2.03-17.54)	0.001
RR ≥ 22 breaths/min	3.89 (1.91-7.91)	< 0.001	2.94 (1.02-8.50)	0.047
Total WBC count ≥ 15 × 109/L	1.62 (0.89-2.94)	0.11	2.01 (0.78-5.16)	0.15
Platelets ≤ 150 × 109/L	2.77 (1.34-5.73)	0.006	3.45 (1.18-10.07)	0.024
Creatinine ≥ 176.8 μmol/L	1.98 (0.95-4.14)	0.07	2.64 (1.01-6.91)	0.048
NEWS2 score ≥ 5	6.91 (2.84-16.83)	< 0.001	1.65 (0.61-4.48)	0.32
qSOFA score ≥ 2	2.14 (0.88-5.20)	0.09	7.83 (2.16-28.39)	0.002

OR: Odds ratio; ICU: Intensive care unit; CI: Confidence interval; AKI: Acute kidney injury; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; RR: Respiratory rate; WBC: White blood cells; NEWS2: National Early Warning Score 2; qSOFA: Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.