Protective effects of cerium oxide on ibuprofen-induced renal injury in rats with ureteral obstruction

Table 1 Histopathological findings in the right (non-obstructed) kidney tissue by groups (mean ± SEM)

	Group C (n = 6)	Group UO (n = 6)	Group UOI (n = 6)	Group UOCO (n = 6)	Group UOICO (n = 6)	1P value
Glomerular vacuolization	0.17 ± 0.17	1.00 ± 0.26a	1.17 ± 0.17a	0.50 ± 0.22b	0.83 ± 0.17a	0.012
Tubular dilatation	0.17 ± 0.17	1.17 ± 0.31a	1.00 ± 0.00a	0.50 ± 0.22	0.83 ± 0.31	0.037
Vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy	0.33 ± 0.21	1.00 ± 0.26	0.83 ± 0.17	0.50 ± 0.22	0.83 ± 0.31	0.289
Tubular cell degeneration and necrosis	0.33 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.17	0.83 ± 0.17	0.50 ± 0.22	0.67 ± 0.21	0.330
Bowman’s space dilatation	0.33 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.31	1.33 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.31	1.00 ± 0.37	0.209
Tubular hyaline casts	0.17 ± 0.17	0.83 ± 0.17	1.33 ± 0.33a	0.50 ± 0.22b	0.67 ± 0.21	0.020
Lymphocyte infiltration	0.33 ± 0.21	1.00 ± 0.37	1.33 ± 0.21	0.67 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.17	0.081
Tubular cell desquamation	0.33 ± 0.21	0.83 ± 0.31	1.33 ± 0.21a	0.50 ± 0.22b	0.83 ± 0.17	0.047

¹P: Kruskal-Wallis test, significance set at P < 0.05.

^aP < 0.05 vs group C.

^bP < 0.05 vs group UOI.

C: Control; UO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction; UOI: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + ibuprofen; UOCO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + CeO₂; UOICO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction + ibuprofen + CeO₂.