Association of chronic kidney disease with in-hospital mortality of cardiogenic shock patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Figure 2 Pooled analysis evaluating impact of chronic kidney disease on in-hospital mortality in cardiogenic shock patients being managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The forest plot (top) demonstrates that chronic kidney disease is significantly associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality (pooled odds ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.40-2.55, P < 0.01) under a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was moderate (I² = 75%). The influence analysis (bottom) shows that exclusion of any single study did not substantially alter the pooled estimate, indicating robustness of the association. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; IHM: In-hospital mortality.