Association of chronic kidney disease with in-hospital mortality of cardiogenic shock patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Figure 1 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses diagram: Study selection. The literature search identified 13487 records from PubMed and Google Scholar. After refining search strategies, 1275 records remained, of which 280 duplicates and 7 case reports were removed. Following title and abstract screening, 75 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Among these, 49 studies were excluded for the following reasons: Absence of chronic kidney disease as a control (n = 16), absence of chronic kidney disease as a comorbidity (n = 7), lack of in-hospital mortality data (n = 15), or insufficient data to extract or convert effect estimates (n = 11). Ultimately, 13 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. CKD: Chronic kidney disease.