Acute kidney injury induced by topical hair straightening products: A systematic review

Table 3 Renal biopsy findings of included studies

Ref.	Microscopic findings
Abu-Amer et al[20], 2022	The biopsy demonstrated features of both oxalate nephropathy and interstitial nephritis (intratubular oxalate crystals, interstitial edema, mixed inflammatory infiltrates with eosinophils, and foci of tubulitis)
Bashir and Khater[16], 2023	Acute interstitial nephritis
Huber et al[15], 2024	Findings were consistent with oxalate nephropathy rather than interstitial nephritis (numerous intratubular calcium oxalate crystal deposits and mild interstitial edema without inflammatory infiltrates)
Mitler et al[18], 2021	Oxalate nephropathy (microcalcifications/calcium oxalate crystals)
Ahmed et al[17], 2019 (case 1)	Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Ahmed et al[17], 2019 (case 2)	Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
Bnaya et al[19], 2023 (case 5)	The biopsy demonstrated features of both oxalate nephropathy and interstitial nephritis (calcium oxalate crystals, small mononuclear interstitial infiltrate with spare eosinophils)
Bnaya et al[19], 2023 (case 6)	The biopsy demonstrated features of both oxalate nephropathy and interstitial nephritis (oxalate crystals, small mononuclear interstitial infiltrate)
Bnaya et al[19], 2023 (case 13)	The biopsy demonstrated oxalate nephropathy (microcalcifications/calcium oxalate crystals)
Bnaya et al[19], 2023 (case 14)	Oxalate nephropathy
Bnaya et al[19], 2023 (case 19)	The biopsy demonstrated features of both oxalate nephropathy and interstitial nephritis (oxalate crystals, multifocal mixed inflammatory infiltrates with multiple eosinophils)
Bnaya et al[19], 2023 (case 20)	Findings were consistent with oxalate nephropathy rather than interstitial nephritis (calcium oxalate crystals; interstitium with mild edema and sparse eosinophils)
Bnaya et al[19], 2023 (case 25)	Oxalate nephropathy