Acute kidney injury induced by topical hair straightening products: A systematic review

Table 2 Renal ultrasonography findings of included studies

Ref.	Sonography findings
Abu-Amer et al[20], 2022	14.4-cm bilateral echogenic, edematous renal parenchyma
Huber et al[15], 2024	Normal kidneys with slight corticomedullary dedifferentiation, absence of pyelocaliceal dilation, and normal vascular flow
Mitler et al[18], 2021	15-cm edematous renal parenchyma
Robert et al[41], 2024 (3 incidents in the same patient)	No evidence of obstructive uropathy
Zergui et al[14], 2025	Normal-sized kidneys; findings consistent with acute kidney injury of non-obstructive etiology
Ahmed et al[17], 2019 (case 1)	Bilateral grade 1 nephropathy
Ahmed et al[17], 2019 (case 2)	Bilateral grade 1 nephropathy