Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbates diabetic nephropathy by promoting renal fibrosis

doi:10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.112066

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World Journal of Nephrology

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2220-6124

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Nephrol. Dec 25, 2025; 14(4): 112066
Published online Dec 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.112066

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Figure 4 Analysis of gut microbiota and trimethylamine N-oxide before and after fecal microbiota transplantation. ^aP < 0.01 compared with the control group. A: Shannon indexes before and after transplantation; B: Comparison of bacterial populations before and after fecal transplantation; C: Serum trimethylamine N-oxide content after fecal transplantation. CB: Control group before transplantation; EB: Experimental group before transplantation; CA: Control group after transplantation; EA: Experimental group before transplantation; OUT: Operational taxonomic unit; MMDS2: Non-metric multidimensional scaling; TMAO: Trimethylamine N-oxide; Con: Control group; DN: Diabetic nephropathy group.

Citation: Song YJ, Yang B, Feng QS, Ma FF, Xing B, Bin XL, Ha XQ. Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbates diabetic nephropathy by promoting renal fibrosis. World J Nephrol 2025; 14(4): 112066
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v14/i4/112066.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.112066

Song YJ, Yang B, Feng QS, Ma FF, Xing B, Bin XL, Ha XQ. Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbates diabetic nephropathy by promoting renal fibrosis. World J Nephrol 2025; 14(4): 112066 [PMID: 41479812 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.112066]

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