Predictors of non-diabetic kidney disease in diabetics: A Saudi Arabian perspective

Table 5 The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model (kidney failure and mortality)

Variable	HR	95%CI	P value	Significance
Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model (Kidney failure)
Age	1.04	1.01-1.07	0.01	Significant
Creatinine	1.01	1.01-1.01	< 0.005	Significant
RAS blocker (ACEi/ARBs)	0.43	0.21-0.89	0.02	Protective factor
Arteriosclerosis	1.56	1.11-2.19	0.01	Significant
IFTA	1.85	1.26-2.72	< 0.005	Significant
Retinopathy	1.60	0.79-3.25	0.19	Not significant
Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model (Mortality)
Age	1.05	1.00-1.09	0.04	Significant
Creatinine	1.01	1.00-1.01	< 0.005	Significant
Hemoglobin < 12 g/dL	2.25	0.66-7.72	0.20	Not significant
Albumin < 30 g/L	4.26	1.09-16.61	0.04	Significant
Retinopathy	3.66	1.05-12.72	0.04	Significant
Arteriosclerosis	2.47	1.36-4.50	< 0.005	Significant

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; RAS: Renin-angiotensin system; ACEi: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers; IFTA: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.