Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in kidney disease: Risk factors, immunopathogenesis, and diagnosis

Figure 2 Morphological features of chronic antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy. A: Low-power view showing subcapsular focal cortical atrophy, a characteristic lesion of chronic antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy (APSN) (hematoxylin & eosin, 100 ×); B: Low magnification view showing the same lesion on trichrome stain (Masson’s trichrome, 100 ×); C: Another biopsy with chronic APSN showing ischemic solidification of some glomeruli as a result of chronic ischemia (Periodic acid-Schiff [PAS], 200 ×); D: Another area from the latter biopsy showing fibrous intimal thickening observed in chronic forms of APSN (PAS, 200 ×).