©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Nephrol. Dec 25, 2025; 14(4): 109382
Published online Dec 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.109382
Published online Dec 25, 2025. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.109382
Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics predicting mortality on univariate analysis, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (25th-75th percentiles)
| Parameter | Total (n = 354) | Survivor (n = 251) | Died (n = 103) | P value |
| Age (years) | 48.8 ± 15.5 | 47.2 ± 15.9 | 52.7 ± 13.7 | 0.002 |
| Age ≥ 60 years | 101 (28.5) | 69 (27.5) | 32 (31.1) | 0.498 |
| Male gender | 204 (57.6) | 147 (58.6) | 57 (55.3) | 0.577 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 265 (74.9) | 189 (75.3) | 76 (73.8) | 0.786 |
| Diabetes | 163 (46.0) | 103 (41.0) | 60 (58.3) | 0.003 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 59 (16.7) | 39 (15.5) | 20 (19.4) | 0.374 |
| Coronary artery disease | 49 (13.8) | 30 (12.0) | 19 (18.4) | 0.108 |
| Stroke | 15 (4.2) | 9 (3.6) | 6 (5.8) | 0.342 |
| Decompensated chronic liver disease | 17 (4.8) | 9 (3.6) | 8 (7.8) | 0.105 |
| Hepatitis B or C | 21 (5.9) | 13 (5.2) | 8 (7.8) | 0.349 |
| Charlson’s comorbidity index | 4 (3-6) | 4 (2-6) | 5 (4-6) | 0.003 |
| CKD characteristics | ||||
| CKD etiology unknown | 153 (43.2) | 111 (44.2) | 42 (40.8) | 0.552 |
| Diabetic kidney disease | 126 (35.6) | 79 (31.5) | 47 (45.6) | 0.012 |
| Duration of CKD > 1 year | 264 (74.6) | 190 (75.7) | 74 (71.8) | 0.450 |
| CKD stage 4 or 5 | 260 (73.4) | 183 (72.9) | 77 (74.8) | 0.721 |
| CKD stage 5 | 214 (60.5) | 155 (61.8) | 59 (57.3) | 0.435 |
| Patients on maintenance dialysis | 146 (41.2) | 108 (43.0) | 38 (36.9) | 0.230 |
| Presenting symptoms and signs | ||||
| Shortness of breath | 147 (41.5) | 103 (41.0) | 44 (42.7) | 0.770 |
| Fever | 120 (33.9) | 85 (33.9) | 35 (34.0) | 0.983 |
| Altered mental status | 88 (24.9) | 48 (19.1) | 40 (38.8) | < 0.001 |
| Reduced urine output | 34 (9.6) | 17 (6.8) | 17 (16.5) | 0.005 |
| Generalized weakness or fatigue | 25 (7.1) | 18 (7.2) | 7 (6.8) | 0.900 |
| Vomiting or anorexia | 21 (5.9) | 19 (7.6) | 2 (1.9) | 0.042 |
| Seizures | 22 (6.2) | 15 (6.0) | 7 (6.8) | 0.772 |
| Glasgow coma scale | 13 (15-15) | 15 (15-15) | 13 (8-15) | < 0.001 |
| Glasgow coma scale < 15 | 116 (32.8) | 52 (20.7) | 64 (62.1) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.9 ± 34.4 | 136.9 ± 34.0 | 123.0 ± 33.7 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.1 ± 21.9 | 81.5 ± 20.8 | 73.4 ± 23.5 | 0.002 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 70.6 ± 18.1 | 72.8 ± 17.5 | 65.4 ± 18.5 | 0.001 |
| Hypotension | 53 (15.0) | 26 (10.4) | 27 (26.2) | < 0.001 |
| Pulse rate (per minute) | 97.9 ± 18.9 | 96.8 ± 19.2 | 100.5 ± 18.0 | 0.103 |
| Respiratory rate (per minute) | 22.6 ± 4.2 | 22.2 ± 4.1 | 23.9 ± 4.1 | 0.002 |
| qSOFA ≥ 2 | 119 (33.6) | 60 (23.9) | 59 (57.3) | < 0.001 |
- Citation: Prabhahar A, Vijaykumar NA, Kaur H, Sharma N, Pannu AK. Baseline predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease admitted to the emergency department. World J Nephrol 2025; 14(4): 109382
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v14/i4/109382.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.109382