Safety, feasibility, and efficacy of surgical intervention for Urolithiasis in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review

Table 2 Comparison of stone-free rate, complications, kidney function, operative time and length of hospital stay of surgical interventions for urolithiasis in chronic kidney disease patients

Ref.	Intervention	Stone-free rate	Complications	Effect on kidney function	Operative time (minute)	Hospital stay (days)
AbdelRazek et al[1]	PNL vs SWL	PNL: 84% SWL: 26.6% (1st session), 88.9% (overall)	PNL: 36% bleeding/hematuria SWL: 55.6% complications	Improvement in S. Creatinine and eGFR	PNL: 53.04 ± 7.6 SWL: 51.22 ± 5.5	Not specified
Refaat et al[31]	M-PCNL vs S-PCNL	M-PCNL: 100%. S-PCNL: 86.7%	M-PCNL: 13.3% leakage S-PCNL: 86.7% leakage	M-PCNL: Lower hemoglobin drop	M-PCNL: 133.73 ± 29.18. S-PCNL: 48.6 ± 17.88	M-PCNL: 1.4 ± 0.62. S-PCNL: 3.33 ± 1.21
Dutta et al[11]	mPCNL vs URS	mPCNL: 76%, URS: 46%	No significant differences in 30-day complications	No significant change	Not specified	mPCNL: 1 day URS: Same-day discharge
Ram Dhayal et al[9]	ESWL vs mPCNL vs RIRS	mPCNL: 98.3%. RIRS: 85%. ESWL: 76.7%	ESWL: Fewer complications, mPCNL: More complications but higher stone-free rate	Not specified	ESWL: 136.4 ± 19.3. mPCNL: 32.3 ± 12.65. RIRS: 51.2 ± 8.63	ESWL: 0.13 ± 0.05 mPCNL: 3.07 ± 1.6 RIRS: 3.02 ± 0.65
Fankhauser et al[13]	URS vs SWL	URS: 61%, SWL: 48%	URS: Higher early postoperative pain, SWL: Painful ureteral obstruction in 4%	No significant change	Not specified	Not specified

PNL: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; ESWL: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; RIRS: Retrograde intrarenal surgery; CT: Computed tomography; URS: Ureteroscopy.