Patterns of kidney diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A single-center study

Table 1 Characteristics of all patients (n = 75), n (%)

Variables	Frequency or mean ± SD (range)
Age	31.52 ± 11.70 (18-59)
Age category
18-24 years	30 (40.0)
≥ 25 years	45 (60.0)
Sex
Male	32 (42.7)
Female	43 (57.3)
Clinical syndrome
Nephritic syndrome	60 (80)
Nephrotic syndrome	15 (20)
Biopsy date
Before COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2019)	33 (44.0)
2017	1 (1.3)
2018	14 (18.7)
2019	18 (24.0)
During COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022)	42 (56.0)
2020	1 (1.3)
2021	20 (26.7)
2022	21 (28.0)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.13 ± 0.73 (0.32-3.81)
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	19.40 ± 14.99 (5.10-80.70)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	99.59 ± 62.95 (14.32-369.77)
Albumin (g/dL)	2.75 ± 1.03 (1.03-4.92)
Lipid profile
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	318.53 ± 150.48 (129-761)
Low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (mg/dL)	222.81 ± 125.08 (69-617)
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	54.36 ± 18.93 (23-130)
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	235.66 ± 124.20 (71-590)
Histopathology
Chronic glomerulonephritis	4 (5.3)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	8 (10.7)
Global glomerulosclerosis	5 (6.7)
Glomerulopathy	3 (4.0)
IgA nephropathy	4 (5.3)
Lupus nephritis	25 (33.3)
Class I	3 (4.0)
Class II	4 (5.3)
Class III	7 (9.3)
Class IV	11 (14.7)
Minimal change disease	20 (26.7)
Nephrosclerosis	1 (1.3)
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis	1 (1.3)
Tubulointerstitial nephritis	2 (2.7)
Normal	2 (2.7)

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.