Low-molecular-weight dextran for optical coherence tomography may not be protective against kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency

Table 2 Patients’ characteristics and renal function (matched cohort)

	Total (n = 150)	Control (n = 75)	LMWD (n = 75)	P value
Sex
Male	119 (79.3)	61 (81.3)	58 (77.3)	0.687
Female	31 (20.7)	14 (18.7)	17 (22.7)
Age, yr	75.0 [67.5, 80.0]	75.0 [69.0, 80.0]	74.0 [67.0, 79.5]	0.643
Body mass index, kg/m2	23.7 [21.0, 25.9]	23.0 [20.8, 25.4]	24.5 [21.3, 26.8]	0.030
Procedure
Coronary angiography	84 (56.0)	43 (57.3)	41 (54.7)	0.869
PCI	66 (44.0)	32 (42.7)	34 (45.3)
Diagnosis
Stable CAD	121 (80.7)	61 (81.3)	60 (80.0)	1.000
Acute coronary syndrome	29 (19.3)	14 (18.7)	15 (20.0)
Prior myocardial infarction	77 (51.3)	30 (40.0)	47 (62.7)	0.009
Prior PCI	93 (62.0)	34 (45.3)	59 (78.7)	< 0.001
Prior CABG	4 (2.7)	2 (2.7)	2 (2.7)	1.000
Hypertension	98 (65.3)	45 (60.0)	53 (70.7)	0.230
Dyslipidemia	63 (42.0)	28 (37.3)	35 (46.7)	0.321
Diabetes mellitus	81 (54.0)	37 (49.3)	44 (58.7)	0.326
Stroke	5 (3.3)	4 (5.3)	1 (1.3)	0.367
Current smoking	29 (19.3)	9 (12.0)	20 (26.7)	0.037
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	1.36 [1.25, 1.63]	1.37 [1.26, 1.71]	1.35 [1.25, 1.61]	0.612
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2	37.6 [32.8, 42.0]	38.0 [31.0, 42.2]	37.0 [33.2, 41.8]	0.949
GFR category
3b (30 ≤ eGFR < 45)	125 (83.3)	59 (78.7)	66 (88.0)	0.189
4 (15 ≤ eGFR < 30)	25 (16.7)	16 (21.3)	9 (12.0)
5 (eGFR < 15)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Hemoglobin A1c, %	6.3 [5.9, 6.9]	6.1 [5.7, 6.9]	6.5 [6.0, 7.0]	0.058
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL	87 [70, 108]	88 [72, 114]	81 [70, 103]	0.155
Hemoglobin, g/dL	11.8 [10.5, 13.4]	11.5 [10.3, 13.5]	12.1 [10.9, 13.3]	0.230
C-reactive protein, mg/dL	0.14 [0.05, 0.46]	0.12 [0.05, 0.35]	0.15 [0.06, 0.53]	0.320
NT-proBNP, pg/mL	835.5 [244.8, 3265.3]	1560.0 [270.0, 4268.5]	632.0 [175.0, 1679.5]	0.076
LVEF, %	53 [43, 64]	56 [44, 64]	52 [43, 63]	0.697
Mehran risk score	8 [7, 11]	8 [7, 11]	8 [7, 11]	0.548
Catheterization procedure
Total agent volume, mL	174.1 [120.0, 244.8]	130.0 [88.0, 196.5]	209.7 [170.1, 271.8]	< 0.001
Total contrast volume, mL	138.0 [97.5, 200.0]	130.0 [88.0, 196.5]	142.0 [104.5, 200.0]	0.408
LMWD volume, mL	7.6 [0.0, 68.2]	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]	68.5 [43.9, 86.0]	< 0.001
OCT	95 (63.3)	20 (26.7)	75 (100.0)	< 0.001
Renal function post-procedure
ΔCre within 5 d, mg/dL	-0.03 [-0.15, 0.13]	-0.04 [-0.15, 0.14]	-0.03 [-0.14, 0.10]	0.848
ΔCre at 1 mo, mg/dL	-0.03 [-0.17, 0.09]	-0.06 [-0.23, 0.10]	-0.02 [-0.14, 0.08]	0.276
ΔCre at 1 yr, mg/dL	0.01 [-0.14, 0.19]	-0.04 [-0.23, 0.08]	0.06 [-0.06, 0.29]	0.001
Acute kidney injury	14 (9.3)	7 (9.3)	7 (9.3)	1.000
Worsening renal function (ΔCre ≥ 0.3 mg/dL/1 yr)	28 (18.7)	9 (12.0)	19 (25.3)	0.059

Data are presented as n (%) or median (25^th-75^th percentile). CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CAD: Coronary artery disease; ΔCre: Delta creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; LMWD: Low-molecular-weight dextran; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; OCT: Optical coherence tomography; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention.