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Copyright ©2012 Baishideng.
World J Nephrol. Dec 6, 2012; 1(6): 184-194
Published online Dec 6, 2012. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v1.i6.184
Table 2 Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease patients
Traditionals (Framingham-like)Non-traditionals uremia-related
AgeAnemia
Male genderHyperomocysteinemia
DiabetesChronic inflammation
ObesityOxidative stress
HypertensionHyperparathyroidism and vascular calcifications
Smoking
Insulin levelsAccumulation of metabolic products (advanced glycation end-products, asymmetric dimethyl arginine…)?
Family history
Dyslipidemia
↑ Total cholesterol
↑ LDL
↑ Apolipoprotein a1
↑ TG
↑ Apolipoprotein B
↓ HDL
↑ Lipoprotein (a)
↑ Oxidized LDL