Biological and historical overview of Zika virus

Table 1 Roles of viral protein and RNA during viral infection in permissive cells

Name of the vital material	Location in cell	Function
Viral genome + ssRNA (approximately 11000 nt)	Cytoplasm	Template for protein translation and for viral genome replication
Envelope, E (53 KDa)[52]	Cell membrane	Viral assembly, budding, attachment to target cells, and viral membrane fusion
Membrane precursor, PrM (20 KDa)[53]	Cell membrane	Facilitating E protein folding and trafficking, and virion maturation
Capsid, C (12 KDa)[54]	Cytoplasm	Virion maturation
NS1 (glycoprotein)[55] (46-55 kDa)	Endoplasmic reticulum	Subverting immune response
	vesicular compartments,	virus-induced intracellular RNA
	cell surface	replication, neurovirulence
NS2a (25 kDa)[56]	Transmembrane	Virus assembly, inhibit IFN-response
NS2b (14 kDa)[1,57]	Cytoplasm, nucleus	Viral protein cleavage
NS3 (69 kDa)[1]	Cytoplasm, nucleus	Viral protein cleavage, RNA
		triphosphatase, mRNA capping,
		RNA helicase
NS4a (16 kDa)[58]	Transmembrane	Viral RNA replication
NS4b (21.5 kDa)[59]	Integral membrane	Suppression of (IFN-α/β),
		suppression of the host RNAi,
		negatively regulate the helicase
		function, viral replication
NS5 (103 kDa)[60,61]	Cytoplasm, nucleus	The RNA triphosphatase,
		RNA-dependent RNA polymerase