Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Virology. Aug 12, 2015; 4(3): 198-208
Published online Aug 12, 2015. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i3.198
Table 1 Pharmacogenetics and highly active antiretroviral therapy toxicity
ARVsPolymorphismsEffects
NRTIs
Abacavir (ABC)HLA-B*5701Hypersensitivity Reaction Syndrome
Tenofovir (TDF)ABCC2-MRP2 (1249G > A)Increased risk of tubulopathy
Lamivudine (3TC)MRP4 4131T > GIncreased plasma concentrations
Zidovudine (AZT)MRP4 3724 G > AIncreased plasma concentrations
Didanosine (ddI)CFTR 1717-1G > A,Higher risk of pancreatitis
IV585T,
Didanosine (ddI), Zalcitabine (ddC), Stavudine (d4T)SPINK-1 112C > TLeber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, Peripheral Neuropathy
MTND1 LHON4216C,
MTND2 LHON4917G
NNRTIs
Nevirapine (NVP)HLA-B*58:01, *15:02, *35:05Cutaneous rash, SJS/TEN
ABCC10rs2125739, CYP2B6 516G > TIncreased plasma concentration, hepatotoxicity
Reduced risk of hepatotoxicity
Efavirenz (EFV)MDR1 3435C > THigher plasma concentrations, SNC side effects
CYP2B6 G516T, T983C
PIs
Atazanavir (ATV)UGT1A1*28, MDR1 3435C/CHyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
All PIsTNF gene 238G > AEarly onset of lypodistrophy
APOA5 (1131T > C, 64G > C),High risk of dyslipidemia
APOC3 (482C > T, 455C > T, 3238C > G)
ABCA1 2962A > G
APOE (ε2, ε3 haplotypes)
Others
Maraviroc (MVC)SLC01B1 521T > C (rs4149056)Increased plasma concentrations
Raltegravir (RAL)UGT1A1*28Increased plasma concentrations