Therapeutic and prevention strategies against human enterovirus 71 infection

Table 2 Synthetic antiviral compounds tested for anti- human enterovirus 71 activity

Synthetic antivirals	Tested	Mechanism	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref.
Pre-infection
Pleconaril	In vivo	Prevents attachment by binding to viral capsid	High oral availability	Varied capacity of inhibition	[47-49]
BPROZ	In vitro	Prevents attachment by binding to viral capsid	High oral availability	Resistant mutants	[49-54]
Soluble and	In vitro	Prevents attachment	N/A	N/A	[55-57]
anti-SCARB2/PSGL-1
Lactoferrin	In vitro / in vivo	Prevents entry by binding to VP1/ cellular receptor	No obvious side effects (animal)	Mechanism not clear	[58-62]
Suramin	In vitro	Prevents attachment	May inhibit other multiple stages of	Mechanism not clear	[63]
			HEV71 life cycle
Peptides (SP40)	In vitro	Prevents attachment by binding	Small size, high activity/specificity,	Low bioavailability	[64-66]
		to glycosaminoglycans	low toxicity
Post-infection
Rupintrivir	In vitro /in vivo	Inhibits viral 3C protein	Low quantity, low toxicity,	Lack efficacy in natural infection	[67,68]
			high barrier for drug resistace
DTrip-22	In vitro	Inhibits viral 3D polymerase activity	Broad spectrum activity	N/A	[69]
Aurintricarboxylic acid	In vitro	Inhibits viral 3D polymerase activity	N/A	N/A	[76-81]
NITD008	In vitro / in vivo	Inhibits viral 3D polymerase activity	More potent than ribavirin in vivo	May have toxicity issue, resistant mutants	[82,83]
Sorafenib	In vitro	Block virus induced activation of ERK/p38	Licensed for cancer treatment	N/A	[84,85]
		signalling pathways

N/A: Not available.