Herpes zoster vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence, guidelines, and reality

Table 4 Adjusted odds ratio for herpes zoster in inflammatory bowel disease by therapy and disease type

Drug	IBD	UC	CD
Aminosalicylates[11,14,21] (baseline reference)	1.0	1.0	1.0
Budesonide[16]	1.0	1.0	1.0
Systemic steroids[11,21,21] (dose dependent)	1.7–2.0	1.6-1.9	1.8-2.1
Thiopurines[10,11,21,22,31]	1.8-2.2	1.6-2.0	2.0-2.4
Anti-TNF monotherapy[17,31]	1.5-1.8	1.4-1.7	1.6-1.9
Anti-TNF and thiopurine[17,31] (synergistic effect)	3.0-3.5	2.6-3.2	3.3-4.0
Vedolizumab[26,27]	0.9-1.1	0.9-1.0	1.0-1.1
Tofacitinib (5 mg)[25,26]	2.5-3.0	2.5-3.5	2.0-3.0
Tofacitinib (10 mg)[26,27] (highest risk in UC)	3.5-4.5	4.5-6.5	3.0-4.0
Other JAK inhibitors[26,27] (data from RA trials)	3.0-5.0	3.5-6.0	2.5-4.5

TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; UC: Ulcerative colitis; JAK: Janus kinase; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn’s disease.