Junín virus and Argentine haemorrhagic fever: Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention strategies

Table 1 Timeline of Junín virus discovery and major outbreaks

Year	Event
1953	First recognized cases of a hemorrhagic illness among agricultural workers in the Pampas region of Argentina
1958	Isolation and identification of the causative agent, later named Junín virus, in Junín province, Argentina
1960s	Epidemiological studies confirmed rodent reservoirs, particularly Calomys musculinus, as the natural host of the virus
1970s	Development of early diagnostic techniques and experimental treatments, including immune plasma therapy
1980s	Research programs intensified to develop a vaccine for Argentine hemorrhagic fever
1990	Development of the Candid #1 live attenuated vaccine through collaboration between Argentina and international research institutions
1991	Large-scale vaccination campaigns initiated in endemic regions of Argentina
2000s	Improvements in molecular diagnostic methods such as RT-PCR for rapid detection of Junín virus infection
2010s	Advances in molecular virology and reverse genetics improved understanding of viral replication and pathogenesis
2020s	Continued surveillance and research on arenaviruses, including genomic studies and development of new antiviral strategies