Continuous quality improvement, linkage to peer supporters in prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission programs in Rwanda

Table 3 Factors associated with undetection of the virus among pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus in Rwanda

	Bivariate		Multivariable
	OR (95%CI)	P value	aOR (95%CI)	P value
CQI approaches implemented
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.49 (1.04-2.13)	0.028	1.51 (1.05-2.18)	0.028
Age
13-24	Reference		Reference
25-34	1.22 (0.67-2.21)	0.521	1.24 (0.67-2.31)	0.494
35-50	1.28 (0.72-2.25)	0.400	1.18 (0.66-2.11)	0.576
Education level
None	Reference		Reference
Primary	1.02 (0.60-1.74)	0.934	1.04 (0.61-1.78)	0.883
Secondary	0.63 (0.35-1.14)	0.126	0.62 (0.34-1.14)	0.123
Marital status
Single	Reference		Reference
Married or living together	1.51 (0.99-2.30)	0.053	1.48 (0.96-2.30)	0.079
Divorced/widowed	0.75 (0.40-1.40)	0.370	0.74 (0.39-1.41)	0.361
HIV status disclosed
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.11 (0.74-1.68)	0.612	0.88 (0.56-1.37)	0.576
ART initiation
Before pregnancy	Reference		Reference
During pregnancy	0.67 (0.47-0.97)	0.031	0.62 (0.43-0.91)	0.014
Healthcare workers/1000 active patients
≤ 4	Reference		Reference
> 4	0.91 (0.64-1.30)	0.605	0.83 (0.58-1.19)	0.312

CQI: Continuous quality improvement; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; CI: Confidence intervals; OR: Odds ratio; aOR: Adjusted odds ratio.